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| c. 1610 |
| | A flintlock designed in France (possibly by Marin Le Bourgeoys) becomes the standard firing mechanism for muskets | |
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| 1688 |
| | Sébastien de Vauban's socket bayonet is introduced in the French army | |
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| 1775 |
| | General Gage sends a detachment of British troops to seize weapons held by American Patriots at Concord | |
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| 1807 |
| | A Scottish clergyman, Alexander Forsyth, invents the percussion cap to help in his pursuit of wildfowl | |
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| 1846 |
| | The self-contained metal cartridge, with a percussion cap in its base, is patented by a Paris gunsmith named Houiller | |
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| 1848 |
| | The Prussian army is the first to adopt a breech-loading rifle, the 'needle-gun' developed by gunsmith Johann Nikolaus von Dreyse | |
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| 1884 |
| | US-born British inventor Hiram Maxim demonstrates the first prototype of his machine gun, using the recoil force to eject the spent cartridge and insert a new one | |
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| 1892 |
| | Frederick Lugard's Maxim machine gun settles a Protestant-Catholic clash in Kampala, the capital of Buganda | |
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| 1905 |
| | The first German submarine, or U-boat, is constructed in a programme to catch up with Britain and France in this area | |
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| 1906 |
| | Britain launches HMS Dreadnought, the first of a massive new class of battleship | |
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